The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), one of the most respected cultural institutions in the country, has recently found itself at the centre of a heated public debate. The controversy began when former ASI official Muhammed, in an interview, described the last 11 years under the Narendra Modi government as a “dark age” for heritage conservation. His statement drew sharp reactions across political and administrative circles, eventually prompting a pointed response from the current ASI Director General, Yadubir Singh Rawat.
Rawat questioned the timing and intent behind such a remark, asking why the concerns were never raised while the former official was still in service. The exchange has opened a broader conversation about accountability, transparency, and the responsibilities of civil servants—both during and after their tenure.
The Context Behind the Controversy
The trigger for the debate was an interview given by former ASI official Muhammed, who expressed strong dissatisfaction with the direction of heritage management in recent years. He referred to the decade-long period under the current government as a “dark age,” suggesting that the prioritisation of certain narratives over scientific processes had affected the integrity of archaeological work.
His criticism was interpreted by many as politically charged, especially since it came long after his retirement. As a seasoned archaeologist known for his experience and academic contributions, his words naturally carried weight. However, the delayed timing raised questions, most notably from the current ASI leadership.
Yadubir Singh Rawat’s Firm Response
ASI DG Yadubir Singh Rawat responded with a tone of professionalism but also one of unmistakable challenge. Without naming Muhammed directly, he noted how “some people have said things years after retirement,” and questioned why they never raised these issues internally while they were still part of the organisation.
Rawat’s comments imply that such concerns, if genuine, should have been addressed through institutional mechanisms. Civil servants, especially at senior levels, are expected to uphold internal accountability and speak up when policies or processes contradict professional ethics. Silence during service and criticism after retirement inevitably cast doubts on motive, credibility, and timing.
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The Importance of Raising Concerns at the Right Time
This controversy highlights a recurring issue in India’s administrative landscape—why do many officials wait until after retirement to express concerns? Speaking after leaving office often reduces personal and professional risks, but it also weakens the impact and perceived sincerity of the criticism.
Had these issues been raised while the official was still serving, they could have sparked discussions within the ASI, encouraged corrective measures, or at least established a record of institutional objection. Instead, post-retirement remarks can be seen as disconnected from the realities of day-to-day functioning and easily interpreted through political lenses.
Heritage Management Under Scrutiny
India’s archaeological and cultural sector has undergone significant changes in the past decade. Increased focus on tourism, large-scale development projects, and the revival of ancient cultural narratives have played major roles in shaping ASI’s priorities. Supporters view these changes as beneficial for cultural revival and national identity, while critics worry about political influence and the sidelining of scientific methodology.
Muhammed’s remark reflects this broader debate. While his concerns may echo sentiments shared by some experts, the way these concerns were presented—and the timing—have diverted attention from meaningful discourse to personal credibility.
Rawat, in contrast, emphasised that the ASI continues to operate based on professional standards, research, and conservation priorities. His reaction suggests that internal mechanisms are strong enough to accommodate dissenting viewpoints, provided they are raised responsibly and in a timely manner.
The Public’s Role in the Debate
Public interest in archaeology and cultural preservation has grown in recent years. Discussions around historical narratives often spill into political debates, making it difficult to separate professional criticism from ideological commentary.
The ASI chief’s response resonates with many who believe that experts have a responsibility to bring issues to light when they can contribute to solutions—not merely when they are free from institutional responsibilities. This ensures that public debates remain constructive rather than reactive.
A Need for Constructive Dialogue
While strong opinions are inevitable in any field as sensitive as archaeology, there is a need for balanced and constructive dialogue. Criticism, when provided at the right time and in the right manner, helps institutions grow. Likewise, leadership must remain open to differing perspectives, regardless of political climate.
The current controversy serves as a reminder that transparency, accountability, and open communication are essential for protecting India’s heritage. It also highlights the importance of timing—whether criticism aims to solve a problem or simply spark a conversation.
Conclusion
The exchange between former ASI official Muhammed and current ASI chief Yadubir Singh Rawat reflects deeper issues within the field of heritage conservation. While Muhammed’s “dark age” remark has garnered attention, Rawat’s counter-question—“Why not say it before retiring?”—raises a vital point about responsibility and professional integrity.
Ultimately, India’s cultural heritage deserves thoughtful dialogue, timely criticism, and collaborative efforts, rather than retrospective statements that risk politicising an institution committed to preserving the nation’s past.
